Curious about APA citation style? Want to check your citations or other APA formatting requirements, The APA guide, below, is available in the Gast Business Library, on our Reference shelf.
Other, excellent, online resources include the Purdue OWL's APA Formatting guide and the APA Style Blog, both are linked below, check them out!
While the APA provides instructions for citing standard publication types, some business resources have unique elements that make it necessary for us to make some adaptations. Check with your instructor for any requirements.
APA Examples
Ad$pender/Vivvix
MPA — the Association of Magazine Media, Kantar Media. (2010). Honda: Media mix 2009. Retrieved from Ad$pender database.
AdForum
Element 79. (n.d.) Frito Lay: Baby steps. Retrieved from AdForum database.
Applied Science and Business Periodicals Retrospective Index
Severiens, J. (1982). Foreign buyers of US firms: their performance records. Mergers & Acquisitions, 16, 47-51. Retrieved from Applied Sci & Business Retro database.
Automotive News Data Center
Automotive News Data Center (2012). U.S. light-vehicle sales by nameplate, Aug. & YTD. Retrieved from Automotive News Data Center database.
BCC Research
Kumar, A. (2020, January). Probiotics in food, beverages, dietary supplements, and animal feed. Retrieved from BCC Research database.
BizMiner
BizMiner. (2011, December). Industry financial report (5 year); [3254] Sector: Manufacturing; sales class: $250- $499.99m. Retrieved from the BizMiner database.
Bloomberg
Bloomberg L.P. (2008). Return on capital for Hewitt Packard 12/31/90 to 09/30/08. Retrieved from Bloomberg database.
BMI Research
Business Monitor International. (2015). Industry Trend Analysis - Healthcare Costs Poised For An Increase. [United States: Pharmaceuticals & Health care]. Retrieved from BMI Research database.
BNA Tax and Accounting Center
The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. (2010). U.S. income portfolios compensation planning: Portfolio 358-3rd, cash or deferred arrangements. Retrieved from BNA Tax and Accounting Center.
Brands and Their Companies
Gale Group. (2010). Cadbury creme eggs. Brands and Their Companies. Retrieved from Gale Directory Library database.
Business Abstracts with Full Text
Cendrowski, S. (2012). Nike's New Marketing Mojo. Fortune, 165(3), 80-88.
Business Book Summaries
(Note: Cite from the book, not Business Book Summaries database.)
BusinessDecision
Synergos Technologies, Inc.(2015). Local Sewing Something. Landscape Report. Retrieved from Business Decision database. www.civictechnologies.com.
Business Education in Video
Dignan, D. (Producer). (1999). Paxman meets Bill Gates [Video file]. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved October 21, 2016, from Business Education in Video database.
Business Insights: Global
Gale Group. (2012). Other Snack Food Manufacturing [industry profile]. Retrieved October 2, 2012, from Business Insights: Essentials database.
Gale Group. (2012). Hilton Worldwide. [company profile]. Retrieved October 2, 2012, from Business Insights: Essentials database.
"TwitCover.com Launches as the Premier Destination for High Quality Twitter Headers." (2012, October 1). PRWeb Newswire. Retrieved October 2, 2012, from Business Insights: Essentials database.
Business Rankings Annual
Gale Group. (2010). World's largest candy companies, 2008. Business Rankings Annual. Retrieved from Gale Directory Library database.
Business Source Complete
Laird, K. (2008). Missing: Statue of Liberty. Marketing Magazine, 113(8), 8.
Datamonitor. (2011). Hilton Worldwide [company profile]. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database.
Datamonitor. (2011). Hotels & Motels [industry profile]. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database.
CAB Abstracts
McFadden, D. T., Umberger, W., & Wilson, J. (2009). Growing a niche market: A targeted marketing plan for Colorado Homestead Ranches.
CB Insights
CB Insights.(2015, February, 17) Samsonite. Investors Profile. Retrieved from CB Insights database.
China Data Online
All China Marketing Research.(2001-2004) Casting Machinery(Basic Condition). China Monthly Industrial Data 1999-2002 (Economy Index). Retrieved from China Data Online.
Communication & Mass Media Complete
Johnson, B. (2010). Ad spending is on the rise, but growth rate may slow. Advertising Age, 81(45), 8-14.
Conference Board
The Conference Board Inc. (2010). Top executive compensation in 2008. Retrieved from The Conference Board Research Online Collection database.
Liberman, V. (2009). Clicking with customers. The Conference Board Review, May/June 2009. Retrieved from The Conference Board Research Online Collection database.
Consultants & Consulting Organizations Directory
Geesemen, P. (2015). Hoysler Associates Inc. Consultants and Consulting Organizations Directory. 40 ed. vol.7 p.2439. Retrieved from Gale Directory Library database..
Corporate Affiliations
CorporateAffiliations.com. (2006). Dell, Inc. profile. Retrieved June 25, 2006, from Corporate Affiliations database.
Data Axle Reference Solutions (Formerly Reference USA)
List of companies
Data Axle. (n.d.). [List of companies in Walworth County, Wisconsin with 5 or more employees]. Reference Solutions. Retrieved January 26, 2021
from referenceusa.com
Company profile
Data Axle. (2021, January). Jackson-Hewitt Tax Svc-Walmart, Kenai, AK [Company profile]. Data Axle Reference Solutions. Retrieved January 26, 2021 from referenceusa.com.
Deals (via ThomsonONE)
Thomson Reuters. (2010). Company Overview: AT&T Inc. Retrieved November 5, 2015, from Thomson ONE database.
DemographicsNow Library Edition
Alteryx Inc. (2015). Demographic Snapshot Comparison, Geography: City - New Orleans, City - Detroit, City - East Lansing. Retrieved from DemographicsNow Library Edition database.
EconLit
Kurov, A. (2010). Investor sentiment and the stock market's reaction to monetary policy. Journal of Banking and Finance, 34(1), 139-49. Retrieved from EconLit database.
Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. (2001, November). Pakistan country report. Retrieved from Economist Intelligence Unit database.
eMarketer
Peart, M., Bendtsen, C. (2015). US Time Spent With Media: eMarketer's Updated Estimates for Fall 2015. Report. Retrieved from eMarketer database.
EMIS Professional
EMIS. (2013, July 20). Hotel listings. China Daily. Retrieved from EMIS Professional database.
Encyclopedia of American Industries
Gale. (2005). SIC 2024 Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts. Encyclopedia of American Industries, Vol. 1: Manufacturing Industries. Retrieved from Gale Virtual Reference Library database.
Encyclopedia of Major Marketing Campaigns
Gale. (2007). Burger King Corp. Encyclopedia of Major Marketing Campaigns, Vol. 2. Retrieved from Gale Virtual Reference Library database.
E-Reference Books and Directories
Cite the actual book or directory, formatted like a print citation for that type of work.
eStatement Studies
The Risk Management Association (2010). 326160 - Plastics bottle manufacturing 2009/2010. Retrieved from eStatement Studies database.
Europa World
Routledge. (2015). Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica (INAP) (Guatemala). Retrieved from Europa World online.
Factiva
Hudson, K. (2006, September 28). Wal-Mart to trim options for health coverage. The Wall Street Journal, p. B2. Retrieved from Factiva database.
Faulkner Advisory for IT Studies (FAITS)
Gitomer, J. (2006). Wi-Fi market trends. Retrieved from Faulkner Advisory for IT Studies database.
The Food Institute
The Food Institute. (2016, Oct. 24). The Food Institute Report. Retrieved from The Food Institute database.
Freedonia Focus
Freedonia Focus. (2010, May). Freedonia focus on biotechnology: Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved from Freedonia Focus database.
Frost & Sullivan
Mendelson, J. (2015). Electro-Optical/Infrared Systems - Technology Trends Impacting Military and Aerospace Sectors (TechVision). Technical Insights Reports. Retrieved from Frost & Sullivan database.
Gale Virtual Reference Library
Note: Cite the actual book or encyclopedia, formatted like a print citation for that type of work.
Gartner
Lopez, J. & Raskino, M. (2006). What information will executives need in 2012? Retrieved from Gartner database.
Baker, V. L., Weiner A., McGuire, M., Koslowski, T., Brancheau, J., & Reali, P. A., et al. (2006). Hype cycle for consumer technologies, 2006. Retrieved from Gartner database.
Kitagawa, M. & Gammage, B. (2006). Magic quadrant for global enterprise notebook PCs, 2H06. Retrieved from Gartner database.
General BusinessFile ASAP
Kiviat, B. (2006, December 18). The big gulp at Starbucks. Time, 168, 124. Retrieved from General BusinessFile ASAP database.
Garcia, B. (2006, December 14). Starbucks Coffee launches 'Black Apron Exclusives'. Kuwait Times, pNA. Retrieved from General BusinessFile ASAP database.
globalEDGE
MSU-CIBER globalEDGE. (2007). Country insights: Ireland. Retrieved November 13, 2007, from http://globaledge.msu.edu/.
Goinglobal
Michigan State University. (2016). Argentina industry and employment trends: Salaries. Retrieved from Goinglobal Database.
GuideStar Premium
GuideStar USA, Inc. (2011). Ele's Place, Inc. mission statement. Retrieved October 11, 2011, from GuideStar Premium database.
HeinOnLine
Obama, B. (2015). Administration of Barack Obama, 2015 Notice - Continuation of the National Emergency With Respect to Iran. Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1. Retrieved from HeinOnLine database.
Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition
Hall, P. D., & Burke, C. B., (2006) Nonprofit, Voluntary, and Religious Entities. Historical Statistics of the United States. Millennial Edition Online.
Hospitality & Tourism Complete
Lockyer, S.E. (2004). P.F. Chang's makes accounting changes, takes $11.5M charge. Nation's Restaurant News, 38(13), 11. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.
Human Resources Library
Bloomberg BNA. (2015). HR Policy Handbook. Performance Appraisal, Training and Productivity. HR and Payroll Resource Center. Retrieved from Human Resources Library database.
IBISWorld
Alvarez, A. (2015, August). Hotels & Motels in the US. IBISWorld Industry Report 72111. Retrieved from IBISWorld database.
International Country Risk Guide
The PRS Group, Inc. (2009, September 1). Libya country analysis. The PRS Group/International Country Risk Guide. Retrieved from LexisNexis Academic database.
International Directory of Company Histories
Herzog, C. (2017). Amblin Partners LLC. In T. Grant (Ed.), International Directory of Company Histories (Vol. 183, pp. 9-12). Farmington Hills, MI: St. James Press. Retrieved from International Directory of Company Histories database.
International Financial Statistics Online
International Monetary Fund. (2010, January). Australia country tables. Retrieved January 18, 2009, from International Financial Statistics Online database.
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) Data Archive
Note: instructions for citing data from this database is available from the database at http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/shared/ICPSR/faqs/why-and-how-should-i-cite-data.html
Investext Current Reports
Datamonitor. (2009). Target corporation company profile. Retrieved March 29, 2009, from Investext Current Reports database.
JSTOR
Goodman, J. P., & Sandberg, W. R.. (1981). A Contingency Approach to Labor Relations Strategies. The Academy of Management Review, 6(1), 145–154. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/257148
Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands
Morison, T. (2016). South Korea: Protocol. In Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands. Retrieved from Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands database.
MarketLine
References page:
MarketLine. (2012, June 28). Hilton Worldwide. [company profile]. Retrieved from MarketLine Advantage database.
MarketLine. (2011, November 2). United States - Hotels & Motels. [industry profile]. Retrieved from MarketLine Advantage database.
In-text Citation: (Marketline, 2012).
Market Share Reporter
Gale. (2010). Consumer electronics sales, 2008. Market Share Reporter. Retrieved from Gale Directory Library database.
Marquis Who's Who
Marquis Who's Who. (2015). Profile detail - Lou Anna Kimsey Simon. Marquis Biographies Online. Retrieved from Marquis Whos Who database.
Mergent First Research
Mergent. (2016). Aquaculture: Critical issues. Retrieved October 25, 2016 from Mergent First Research Database.
Mergent Horizon
Mergent. (2009). Ford Motor Co. suppliers. Retrieved January 9, 2009, from Mergent Horizon database.
Mergent. (2009). Beverages: overview. Retrieved March 11, 2009, from Mergent Horizon database.
Mergent Intellect
Mergent. (2016). Stryker Corporation: Financial details - income statement. Retrieved October 25, 2016 from Mergent Intellect database.
Mergent Online
Mergent. (2005). Marathon Oil Corp. company details report. Retrieved February 14, 2006, from Mergent Online database.
Mergent WebReports
Mergent. (2010). Hershey Chocolate Corporation. Moody's Analyses of Investments: Part II Industrial Investments, 1920. Retrieved January 18, 2010, from Mergent WebReports database.
Mergent. (2010). The Hershey Company. Mergent Industrial Manual 2008, Vol. 1. Retrieved January 18, 2010, from Mergent WebReports database.
Mintel
Mintel. (2006). Hair styling products - US - May 2006. Retrieved from Mintel Academic Reports database.
Mintel GNPD
Scotsburn Dairy Group. (2015) Organic Fudge Bars. Retrieved from Mintel GNPD Academic database.
Nexis Uni
Woodyard, C. (2006, December 27). Car-stereo units put video iPods on the road. USA Today, p. 3B. Retrieved from LexisNexis Academic database.
Hoover's. (2007, January 2). Johnson & Johnson. Hoover's Company Records - In-depth Records. Retrieved March 14, 2007, from LexisNexis Academic database.
Panjiva
Panjiva. (2015). Nissin Corporation - Japan. Supplier, Manufacturer: automobile parts. Retrieved from Panjiva database.
PassportGMID
Euromonitor International. (2016). Car rental in the United Kingdom. Retrieved from Passport GMID database.
PolicyMap
Fcc Broadband Deployment Data. Availability of residential fiber to the end user (fiber optic) internet access in 2015. PolicyMap. <https://www.policymap.com/maps?p=129034&i=9942148&btd=18&period=2015&lind=111&cx=-75.11843006873303&cy=39.99599679713974&cz=10> 29 September 2016.
Political Risk Yearbook
PRS Group, Inc. (2007). Algeria. In Political risk yearbook. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from http://www.prsgroup.com.proxy1.cl.msu.edu:2047/prsgroup_shoppingcart/viewYEARBOOKsub.aspx.
Press Reader
Note: Cite the actual book or encyclopedia, formatted like a print citation for that type of work.
PrivCo
PrivCo. (2016). LivingSocial, Inc.. Retrieved from PrivCo database.
ProQuest Historical Annual Reports
Ford Motor Company Annual Report -- 1912. (1912). America's Corporate Foundation. Retrieved January 8, 2007, from ProQuest Historical Annual Reports database.
ProQuest One Business
Surchi, M. (2011). The temporary store: A new marketing tool for fashion brands. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 15(2), 257-270. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13612021111132672.
ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the U.S.
Bureau of Census (2016). Resident Population Projections And Components Of Change: 2015 To 2060 [As Of July 1] ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the U.S. 2016 Online Edition. Retrieved from ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the U.S. database.
ProQuest Statistical Insight
Government Accountability Office. (2012). Medicare: High-expenditure part b drugs. (GAO Publication No. 13-46R). Retrieved from ProQuest Statistical Insight database.
PsycInfo
Al Saifi, S. A. (2015). Positioning organisational culture in knowledge management research. Journal of Knowledge Management, 19(2), 164-189. Retrieved from PsycInfo database.
RIA Checkpoint
RIA. (2009). 2010 RIA federal tax handbook. Retrieved from RIA Checkpoint database.
Murthy, V. (2008, January/February). Why paying severance has become like walking a tax law minefield. Journal of Corporate Taxation, 2008, 40-44. Retrieved from RIA Checkpoint database.
Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited. (1991). British Gallup Poll: CQ 121B, May, 1991 [dataset]. GBSSLT91-CQ121B. Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited [producer]. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, RoperExpress [distributor]. Retrieved from Roper Center for Public Opinion Research database.
Sage Business Cases
Chaston, I., (2009). A flawed succession. In SAGE Business Cases. 2016. 10.4135/9781473938700
Simmons Insights (previously Simmons OneView and Choices360)
Citing a Crosstab Analysis:
MRI-Simmons. (n.d.). Fall 2019 NHCS adult study 12 month [Domestic vehicles recently acquired - Buick by consumer demographics - age] [Data set].
Citing a Quick Report (under the Essentials tab):
MRI-Simmons. (n.d.). Social media activity profile: Age: Household head 50-54, target-domestic vehicles recently acquired: Buick. Fall 2019 Simmons Connect. [Data set].
SimplyAnalytics
SimplyAnalytics (2017). EASI/MRI Consumer Expenditure Data 2016. Retrieved February 17th, 2017, from SimplyAnalytics database.
SimplyAnalytics (2017). Census 2016 Current Estimates Data. Retrieved February 17th, 2017, from SimplyAnalytics database.
SimplyAnalytics (2017). Map with 2016 Consumer Expenditure Data. Retrieved February 17th, 2017, from SimplyMap database.
Note: If you are not sure of the name and date of the variable you are using, you can View Metadata.
Sports Business Research Network
Sports Business Research Network. (2007). Statistics retrieved August 24, 2007, from Sports Business Research Network (SBRnet) database.
Sports Business Research Network. (2004, June 21). Fifth bowl game for college football. SportsPipe. Retrieved from Sports Business Research Network (SBRnet) database.
SRDS
Better Homes and Gardens Magazine Profile. (2014). Consumer Magazine Media, Retrieved from SRDS Media Planning Platform database.
Statista
Nielsen Scarborough. (n.d.) Watching sports: Number of people who watched a National Hockey League event on a cable TV within the last 12 months in the United States (USA) from spring 2008 to spring 2015 (in millions). In Statista - The Statistics Portal. Retrieved October 7, 2016, from https://www-statista-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/statistics/231994/nhl-events-on-cable-tv-usa/.
ThomsonONE
Google, Inc. (2009, December 31). Annual report. Retrieved from ThomsonONE database.
Milunovich, S. & Christiansen, P. (2015, May 1). Apple Inc.: Evidence lab Apple Watch monitor continues to show tepid interest; reducing watch estimates. UBS Global Research. Retrieved from ThomsonONE database.
Trade Shows Worldwide
ABA and ACB National Consumer Credit Conference (2013). In Trade Shows Worldwide Directory. Retrieved from http://find.galegroup.com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/gdl/start.do?prodId=GDL
UN Comtrade
United Nations Statistical Division. (2010). Data retrieved February 10, 2010 from http://comtrade.un.org/.
USA Trade Online
U.S. Census Bureau: Economic Indicators Division. (2016). Country by commodity - exports: Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, etc. U.S. Import and Export Merchandise trade statistics. Retrieved from USA Trade Online database.
Vault Career Insider
Rishi, K. (n.d.). A day in the life: Associate, corporate strategy. Retrieved from Vault Career Insider database.
WardsAuto
Harman, A. (2016, Oct. 21). No incentives for hybrids, Thailand says. WardsAuto. Retrieved from WardsAuto database.
Ward's Business Directory
Kroger, Co. (2014). In Ward's Business Directory. Retrieved from http://find.galegroup.com.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/gdl/start.do?prodId=GDL.
Web of Science
Bishop, S. & Waring, J. (2016). Becoming hybrid: The negotiated order on the front line of public private partnerships. Human Relations, 69(10), 1937-1958. 10.1177/0018726716630389
Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS)
Compustat
Compustat Industrial [Annual Data]. (Years). Available: Standard & Poor's/Compustat [access date]. Retrieved from Wharton Research Data Services.
CRSP
CRSP Stocks. (Years). Available: Center for Research in Security Prices. Graduate School of Business. University of Chicago [access date]. Retrieved from Wharton Research Data Services.
Winmo (formerly Advertising Redbooks)
List Partners, Inc. (2022). Media Mix - Ford Motor Company. Retrieved April 7, 2022 from Winmo.
World Bank E-Library
Klapper, L.F. & Parker, S.C. (2010). Gender and the business environment for new firm creation. The World Bank Research Observer 26(2). Retrieved from World Bank E-Library.
World Bank Databank
The World Bank, World Development Indicators. (2012). GNI per capita, Atlas method [data file]. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank,org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD
Gast Business Library
Michigan State University
Law College Building
648 N. Shaw Lane, Room 50
East Lansing, MI 48824-1300
(517) 355-3380
Whenever you 'borrow' article quotes, paraphrases, reports, and data, from other researchers/databases, you need to cite the material in order to (1) abide by U.S. copyright law, and, (2) allow your reader a path to the material in its original composition.
