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Michigan State University

Library Technology Exhibit: Computer Age

Computer Age

1879: John Benjamin Dancer produces the first micro-photographs, an early microform preservation format

1936: The American Library Association endorses the use of microforms for document preservation

1938: Eugene B. Power founds University Microfilms, a company that we know today as ProQuest

1963: The ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) computer standard is developed, allowing machines to exchange data.

1965: Digital Equipment Corporation produces the PDP-8, the first successful minicomputer

1969: ARPANET, the forerunner of the Internet, is created as part of a project at the U.S. Department of Defense


1973: LexisNexis develops the world's first commercial, full-text search and retrieval engine used for legal research

1977: Apple introduces their first personal computer

1981: IBM launches the PC

1983: The TCP/IP protocol is adopted as a standard by the 

1984: Work begins on building the Turfgrass Information File database

1986: The National Science Foundation builds the NSFNet backbone

1988: EndNote first released

1988: ABI/INFORM, the popular business database, is first released on CD-ROM.

1989: MSU Online catalog goes public

1992: MeL founded

1995: JSTOR launched

1996: ProQuest database first appears online

1997: AOL Instant Messenger launched

1998: Google, Inc. is launched

1998: LexisNexis Academic launches

1999: Ebrary, a major supplier of ebooks to libraries, is founded